Scarcity

Q - What is Scarcity ?

Ans - Scarcity is a situation where there is not enough to satisfy everyone's wants.

Q - Scarcity as the Economic Problem ?Ans - The economic problems arises because of scarcity. There is no limit to people's want - they are infinite.

Kinetic Particle Theory

Q.1
What is matter?
Ans:
Anything which has mass/weight and occupies space is called matter. Everything around us is made up of matter.

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Q.2
What are states of matter?
Ans:
Matter can exist as a Solid, a Liquid or a Gas. These three forms of matter are called the 'States of Matter'. For example water (liquid) can exist as ice (solid) or water vapors (gas).

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Q.3
Write the properties of three (03) states of matter?
Ans:
Everything around us is made up of matter. Matter can exist in three (03) different states. Below is the properties of these three (03) states of matter.
Solid:
         Solids have fixed shape, fixed volume and cannot be compressed.
Liquid:
           Liquids have not fixed shape but fixed volume and cannot be compressed.
Gas:
       Gas have not fixed shape, not fixed volume and can be compressed.

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Q.4
Below is the list of four substances at 20 C
1) Mercury  2) Oil  3) Water Vapour  4) Common Salt

a)-
Which of the sudstances does not have fixed shape and volume, and can be compressed?
Ans:
Water vapour does not have fixed shape and volume, and can be compressed.

b)-
Which of the sudstances contains the most orderly arrangement of particles?
Ans:
Common salt contains the most orderly arrangement of particles

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Q.5 
a)-
In which state of matter can the particles move most freely?
Ans:
In state of gas the particles can move most freely.

b)-
In which state of matter are the particles closest together?
Ans:
In state of solid the particles are closest together.

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Q.6
Using the kinetic particle theory,

a)-
Explain why liquids have fixed volumes but not fixed shapes.
Ans:
Liquid have fixed volumes but not fixed shapes because liquid particles are arranged disorderly and are less closely packed together.

b)-
Explain why ice has a higher density than water vapour.
Ans:
Ice has a higher density than water vapour because the particles of solid are arranged orderly and are closely packed together.

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Q.7

What is melting?

Ans:

When a substance changes from a solid to liquid, we say that it is melting.

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Q.8
What is melting point?
Ans:
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid is called its melting point.

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Q.9
What is freezing?
Ans:
When a substance changes from a liquid to a solid, we say that it is freezing.

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Q.10
What is freezing point?
Ans:
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid is called its freezing point. Heat energy is given out during the cooling process.

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Glossary

Abandoned Channels:
The channels of a river which are only filled with water during the rainy season and may be left dry when the rainy season is over.
Abrasion:
erosion caused by rubbing friction and the scouring effect of material carried by rivers, glaciers, waves and wind.

Causes and Consequences of the Decline of the Mughal Empire

Timeline:
1526 >> Babar Establishes the Mughal Empire

Main Points:

(The Rise of the Mughals)

1. The first Mughals were ruling family india.
2. In early Sixteenth Century The Mughals invaded India.
3. The area they ruled was as large as the whole of Europe.
4. They rule for more than Three Hundered Years.
5. The First Mughal Emperor in India was Zahir-un-Din Muhammad or "Babur" as he is generally know.
6. Babur was a Muslim from Turkestan.
7. Babur ruled from the age of Twelve.
8. He was descendant of a very famous family, which includes two great generals Gengis Khan and Taimur.

(The Conquest of Northern India)

1. Babur was keen to expand the territory he ruled.
2. In 1526 he marched from his base in Kabul through Punjab and met Ibrahim Lodhi in battle at "Panipat".
3. In Battle at Panipat, his army was outnumbered Ten to One but his clever use of firearms & artillery gave him a great victory. 
4. 
   

1530 >> Humayan become the second Mughal Emperor
1556 >> Akbar Ascends the Throne